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Horror games: Is the genre in a golden age?
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Matthew Perry: Friends stars 'devastated' by death
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Friends stars 'devastated' by Matthew Perry's death
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17th c. Nymphaeum of the Rain on the Palatine restored
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on October 30, 2023 / comment : 0
The Nymphaeum of the Rain, a frescoed semi-subterranean leisure room in the Farnese Gardens on the Palatine in Rome, has been restored and reopened to the public after decades of closure. Now visitors will be able to enjoy the cultural context of Baroque Rome on the Palatine even as they enjoy the its ancient culture with the reopening of the Domus Tiberiana.
Built in the second half of the 16th century by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, the Farnese Gardens were the first private botanical gardens in Europe. The Nymphaeum of the Rain was built on the northern slope of the Palatine in the 1600s. was commissioned by Cardinal Odoardo Farnese as a “summer triclinium,” a refuge from the heat of summer in Rome to sup and contemplate surrounded by a fine collection of ancient sculptures.
It was his heir, also named Odoardo, who transformed it into a far grander space. The terraces and staircases topped by the twin aviaries, the remains of which are all that remains of the much larger Farnese Gardens, were built at Odoardo’s request by the family architect Girolamo Rainaldi. The cardinal’s old “triclinium” was turned into a sumptuous nymphaeum, inspired by the nymphaea of ancient Rome and Greece, natural or artificial grottoes used as sanctuaries to the water nymphs and as refreshing assembly rooms for recreation.
In the summer heat, he would welcome guests for parties and concerts into the cool, shady freshness of the nymphaeum. Its fountain, artfully designed to look like a stalactite formation employed a complex series of pipes to move water from the main fountain of the garden through limestone rocks, faux stalactites and seven metal trays from which numerous jets sprang, recreating the sights and sounds of natural rainfall inside the nymphaeum. Baroque artist Giovan Battista Magni, known as il Modanino (1591/92-1674), decorated the walls and ceilings with climbing vines and created the illusion of an opening at the top of the ceiling where birds, grape vines and musicians adorn an arched balustrade looking down at the assembled visitors below.
The garden fell into neglect and disrepair in the 18th century and when it was acquired by the newly-unified Italy in 1870, much of what remains was demolished to excavate the ancient palace underneath it. The very top of the terraced garden, including the nymphaeum survived, but in parlous condition. The frescoes were lost, faded or plastered over, and only rediscovered at the end of the 1950s. For decades it has been too unstable, suffering greatly from moisture penetration, to allow tourists to get a glimpse of its frescoed plaster walls and ceiling framing the elaborate Fountain of the Rain.
The Archaeological Park of the Colosseum embarked on a major conservation project to restore the Nymphaeum in 2020. It took three years to repair the water infiltration problem and restore the damaged structure. The Fountain of the Rain has been restored to its original design, with its hydraulic system of seven different metal trays of different size that replicated the sound of rain and its fake stalactites. The restoration of the full frescoes with its climbing vines and musicians looking down on the room from the ceiling sheds new light on the original function of the space, a faux garden pergola where music, poetry and the arts were enjoyed in an environment of simulated nature and ancient influence.
* This article was originally published here
Narayana Murthy's 70-Hour Work-Week Suggestion: Doctor Explains Impact On Health
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Magic Johnson declared a billionaire by Forbes
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Bronze Age yoke found in northern Italy
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A rare 3,300-year-old wooden yoke discovered in a Late Bronze Age pile-dwelling settlement in Este in the Veneto region of northern Italy has been presented to the public after eight years of complex excavation, recovery and restoration.
The yoke, other wooden objects, metal ornaments and pottery fragments were discovered in 2015 during an archaeological survey before a new methane pipeline was slated to be laid in the Via Comuna. The area is rich in archaeological remains, hence the investigation along the route of the pipeline expansion, but the presence of a prehistoric Bronze Age settlement was previously unknown. Dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating of the wooden remains revealed the settlement was in use from the middle of the 14th century to the middle of the 13th century B.C. Before this discovery, a smattering of finds from the period had been made in the Este area, but this is the only clearly structured Bronze Age settlement ever found.
The area was a wetland in the Bronze Age (pile dwellings were built over the water), and the muddy conditions preserved organic remains like wood for thousands of years. To stabilize the wet wood in laboratory conditions, sections of soil were removed en bloc and transported to the Central Institute for Restoration in Rome where specialists in the conservation of waterlogged wood performed a painstaking micro-excavation, followed by PEG treatment and a controlled drying to stabilize the wood.
The yoke is the stand-out object of the ones excavated so far. It is a head yoke, used by attaching it to the neck of a pair of draft animals (probably oxen) and securing it to their horns with leather straps or ropes. Curved cut-outs were made to fit the yoke snugly around the animals’ horns.
It was originally estimated to be one meter (3.2 feet long), but about foot of it — the section that was mounted to the second animal of the pair — did not survive the millennia. This is significantly smaller than early modern yokes, evidence that domesticated bovines in the Bronze Age northern Italy were smaller than they would later become. Of particular archaeological interest is an ancient repair to one of the teeth in the yoke beam to which the horns were strapped. It must have broken off during use and the farmer or craftsman dug out a square hole to insert a new tooth.
Another wooden object found in the 2015 excavation is incomplete and of unknown purpose, but it too bears the signs of its crafting. There is a fine, straight line crossing the wide end. This was likely a guide mark for a second element that intended to be joined to it with wooden dowels. (Nails didn’t exist yet.) Two small holes on each end of the line were probably the peg holes.
Two coils of wood discovered in a trench with a fairly chaotic mixture of objects were initially thought to be the bases of woven baskets. The micro-excavation in the laboratory revealed them to be raw material looped for storage, not woven basketry, but perhaps intended for that ultimate purpose.
The excavation and conservation is not over yet. There are more wood artifacts to be discovered in the soil blocks, and more analysis of the objects that have been stabilized to be done. Next on the agenda for the yoke, coils and unknown object is to investigate the place of origin of the wood.
This Italian-language video has excellent shots of the conserved finds and of the pile dwelling remains in situ.
* This article was originally published here
Fingernails: Film asks, what if a machine could find your life partner?
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Medieval skeleton with prosthetic hand found in Bavaria
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The skeletal remains of a late medieval man with an iron prosthetic hand have been discovered in Freising, Bavaria. There are only about 50 comparable prostheses known from Central Europe in the late medieval and early modern periods. They range from immobile shaped devices to articulated ones with mechanical elements. This one is immobile.
The grave was unearthed in 2017 during pipeline work near the 17th century Baroque parish church of St. Georg in the central square of Freising’s old town. Examination of the remains at the conservation workshops of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (BLfD) found the deceased was an adult male between 30 and 50 years of age. Radiocarbon dating revealed he died between 1450 and 1620.
The corroded lump of metal at the end of the skeleton’s left arm was given a rough, preliminary cleaning and stabilized so it could be X-rayed and studied for any traces of leather or textiles. X-rays taken in 2021 revealed that the hand prosthesis was hollow with four fingers — the index, middle, ring and pinky. They were fabricated from sheet metal and are immobile. The fingers are parallel to each other and appear to be slightly curved.
A thumb bone from his left hand is inside the corroded prosthetic hand. BlfD conservators believe it was covered with leather and tied to the stump of the left hand with straps. Traces of a wrinkled, gauze-like textile inside the fingers are probably the remains of a fabric used to cushion the stump. An iron prosthetic like this, even without articulating elements, was expensive, and given how many men of soldiering age were mercenaries or pledged fighters for the endlessly squabbling aristocracy of late medieval Germany, the deceased may have lost his hand in battle. So far, researchers have not been able to determine how the wound was inflicted.
One well-known amputee with a prosthetic hand from this period was the Imperial Knight Götz von Berlichingen, also known Götz of the Iron Hand. He fought for Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and later sold his sword to a long list of princes, dukes and margraves in the wars of the late 15th and 16th century. He lost his right hand at the wrist in 1504 when a cannon ball struck it during the siege of Landshut, a Bavarian city just 25 miles from Freising. His first prosthetic was made by a local blacksmith out of iron. Later he upgraded to a high-tech model with fingers that could curl up, allowing him to hold reigns, weapons, even a quill pen. Both of the Götz’s iron hands are on display in his ancestral home, today the castle museum of the Götzenburg in Jagsthausen.
* This article was originally published here
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Shatta Wale: Why Ghana's 'dancehall king' is trying Afrobeats
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5,000-year-old mother goddess found in İzmir’s most ancient settlement
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Archaeologists excavating the Yeşilova Mound in the Bornova district of İzmir, Turkey, have unearthed a 5,000-year-old mother goddess figurine. Made out of terracotta, the petite goddess is just four inches tall. She is depicted nude with her hair tied in a conical bun at the nape of her neck. Her arms are outstretched and her feet form a single pedestal so that she can stand upright.
The Yeşilova Mound is the oldest prehistoric settlement in İzmir dating back to 6,500 B.C. Its discovery in 2003 redefined the chronology of human settlement in the İzmir area, pushing it back thousands of years from what was previously thought to be its origins in the 3rd millennium B.C. The mound has been excavated since 2005, revealing four main settlement layers: from the oldest Neolithic level to the Late Roman period. The remains of copious seafood — particularly mussels shells — point to the residents having subsisted largely on the fruits of the nearby Aegean coast.
The female figurine dates to the Bronze Age layer of occupation. The architectural remains from this period are significantly more elaborate. Rectangular structures, believed to be long houses, were built with high stone walls. These structures were heavily damaged in an earthquake 5,000 years ago and were later rebuilt in the next phase of occupation.
The style of the fertility goddess, her gathered hair and outstretched arms, connects the Yeşilova Mound settlement and therefore prehistoric İzmir to other Aegean cultures.
Ege University Faculty of Letters Department of Archeology Lecturer and Head of Excavation Assoc. Dr. Zafer Derin said, “It is important that this artifact was found in a 5,000-year-old settlement. More importantly, similar ones are found in Lesbos.” Island. There are similar ones in the city of Thermi in Lesbos, one of the Aegean islands. There are even more similar ones here. However, the artifact we found belongs to the period 500 years before the ones in Lesbos. This artifact is a cultural interaction between the North Aegean Islands and even the Balkans. “It shows that it is true,” he said.
* This article was originally published here
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Taylor Swift's 1989: Her biggest album returns with new tracks from the vault
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The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral Becomes Legend
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Glastonbury Festival: Emily Eavis lines up 'really big' US artist for 2024
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Rare 5,000-year-old tomb found in Orkney
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Archaeologists have discovered a rare 5,000-year-old tomb containing the articulated remains of 14 individuals at a Neolithic site at Holm on the east coast of Mainland, Orkney. It consists of a stone cairn 49 feet in diameter at the end of 23-foot-long stone passage. Six smaller chambers adjoin the central cairn. This is a “Maes Howe-type” passage grave; only 12 others of this type of tomb are known on Orkney. Built with corbelled stone roofs that narrowed as they rose, Maes Howe tombs are considered the pinnacle of Neolithic engineering in northern Britain.
This masterpiece of prehistoric construction was almost destroyed without a trace. It is flat now, the towering height that once would have dominated the landscape lost to stone thieves in the 18th and 19th centuries. Then in 1896, the son of a local farmer dug around the site, uncovering some remains of walls, a macehead and ball and eight skeletons. The finds were reported in a local paper as the ruins of a “chambered cairn,” but it was a passing reference with no specific location information.
Dr Hugo Anderson-Whymark, senior curator of Neolithic prehistory at the National Museums Scotland, came across the 1896 report and decided to seek out the tomb. A geophysical survey helped pinpoint the possible location of the tomb. A team of local volunteers and students led by Anderson-Whymark and Prof Vicki Cummings of Cardiff University hit paydirt and excavated the tomb in a targeted three-week dig.
Dr Anderson-Whymark said: […]
“It’s incredible to think this once impressive monument was nearly lost without record, but fortunately just enough stonework has survived for us to be able understand the size, form and construction of this tomb.”
Dr Anderson-Whymark said 5,000 years ago, the tomb would have been a prominent feature on the landscape, and likely to have looked similar to Orkney’s Maeshowe chambered cairn.
He said it was possible further discoveries, including more skeletons, could be made at Holm.
Prof Cummings said: “The preservation of so many human remains in one part of the monument is amazing, especially since the stone has been mostly robbed for building material.
“It is incredibly rare to find these tomb deposits, even in well-preserved chambered tombs and these remains will enable new insights into all aspects of these peoples’ lives.”
The human remains will be DNA-tested to discover if there are familial relationships between the people buried in the tomb. The tomb appears to have been used over a stretch of time, with bodies placed on top of older ones. Radiocarbon dating may answer how long the tomb was in active use.
* This article was originally published here
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Long-rumored looted hoard recovered, transferred to museum
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A precious hoard of silver jewelry from the second half of the 10th century has been transferred to the Podlasie Museum in Białystok decades after it was looted near Brańsk, eastern Poland. The treasure was confiscated last year in a coordinated operation by police, tax and cultural heritage authorities. It was in limbo until prosecutors determined there would be no trial as the statute of limitations had run out. Now the hoard has been allocated to the museum for study, conservation and display.
The treasure consists of 45 pieces, including richly decorated silver half-moon pendants (lunulae), silver earrings with highly decorated semi-circular bottom half and long chain pendants, silver beads decorated with nodules and granulation, a bracelet, a ring, fragments of a bronze chain and several glass beads. The craftsmanship is of extremely high quality, and experts believe it may have been the work of Byzantine jewelers that reached Poland through Russia or of local jewelers influenced by Eastern techniques. The earrings and beads are similar to ones found in other jewelry finds from the period, most notably the treasure of Góra Strękowa.
The lunulae are particularly impressive. They were made by casting a bar of silver, placing it between sheets of leather and tapping it repeatedly with oval hammers. The sheet was trimmed to shape with scissors or saws. A template was likely used to ensure the shape was symmetrical. It was reinforced by soldering strips to the underside of the lunula and then the edges were smoothed. The maker would then decorate the lunula with filigree, granulation and nodules. These were extremely expensive prestige objects, worn as the central element of a necklace that had other pendants, beads and gems added to it.
The 45 objects in the hoard had all been placed together in a small decorated ceramic vessel. The vessel survived and is also part of the collection.
There had been rumors that a medieval treasure had been illegally excavated in the Brańsk area in the 1990s, but only in 2022 did conservation authorities get a tip about the treasure’s whereabouts. They alerted law enforcement and the subsequent investigation revealed the collection of thousand-year-old jewelry was in the hands of a Brańsk resident who claimed he had received them from his wife’s grandfather. The grandfather-in-law told him he had personally found the hoard in the ruins of a castle dating to the 11th-14th centuries.
The grandfather died in 2001, so whenever he looted the hoard and gave it to his daughter’s family, it had to have been before 22 years ago. The statute of limitations for the theft (grandpa’s original looting) and appropriation of stolen goods (grandson-in-law’s receipt of the illegally obtained objects) is ten years, so the Bielsko prosecutor’s office could no longer take either case to court.
The hoard was officially delivered to the Podlaskie Museum by the Podlasie Provincial Conservator of Monuments on Wednesday, October 18th.
“This is a unique set of monuments,” Aleksander Piasecki, an archaeologist from the Podlasie Museum, told PAP. He emphasized that he had not seen such a well-preserved set of monuments and – as he added – “it is a nicely preserved complex from the second half of the 10th century associated with contacts with Russia.”
The archaeologist noted that now this unique complex will be subjected to specialist research and conservation in order to determine the origin and chronology of the monuments. He added that the archeology department would then like to display the jewelry; is to be included in the permanent exhibition.
* This article was originally published here
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Prince's Diamonds and Pearls: An oral history
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Unique Roman sandal found in well in Spain
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A Roman-era leather sandal with a unique decoration has been discovered in an ancient well at Lugo de Llanera, Asturias, northwestern Spain. The sandal is decorated with circles, ovals and bird-shaped figures. Roman sandals are rare finds in Spain. Only 20 are known, and this is the only one with decoration.
What would become the Roman city of Lucus Asturum was founded as the fortified capital of the Luggones people. It rose to prominence at the time of the Flavian dynasty (69-96 A.D.) as a mansio, an official rest stop on a Roman road administered by the government for the benefit of traveling dignitaries and officials. Lucus Asturum was located at the intersection of the two major Roman roads that transected the Asturias region, so it was a hub of travel, administration and communications between the 1st and 4th century A.D.
It has not been excavated thoroughly, however. The first excavations were commissioned in the 1930s, but none of the material recovered or documentation from those first digs have survived. and there is still debate as to the size and population of the ancient city. There were a few digs after that, but nothing comprehensive until the town council funded a new excavation program led by archaeologist Esperanza Martín in 2018. Martin’s team began excavations at the La Morgal recreational area. They uncovered the first remains of a Roman bath at Lucus. It was in use until the 3rd century A.D.
The next year, the remains of a Roman villa from the 1st and 2nd centuries A.D. were discovered near the baths. Martin’s team expanded the work area and continued to explore the villa. In the 2021 excavation, they unearthed the edge of a stone well adjacent to the house. Evidence of repairs carried out during the Roman period was visible on the stone walls of the well, and inside excavators found pieces of terra sigilata from known workshops, amphora fragments and a large number of glass fragments including a full set of dishes with bowls, drinking glasses and bottles.
Excavations resumed this summer with the well as a particular focus. The sandal was discovered in an excellent state of preservation thanks to the anaerobic waterlogged silt at the bottom of the well.
“The remains we found, due to the anoxia generated by the high water table in the area, are in an exceptional state,” says Martín. “The silts have created an anaerobic environment thanks to the plasticity of the clays that compose them, so the organic materials have been perfectly preserved.” At a depth of about three meters, the specialists extracted part of the wooden cover of the well, a tiled floor for the decantation of silts, several jars, seeds, chestnuts, pine nuts, mollusks, the remains of domestic and wild fauna, an acetre, or bronze, cauldron, a small metal ring and the sandal, among other objects. “It is almost complete and retains the cutting notches to hold it in the upper leg area. It is more than likely that it was lost by someone who came in to clean [the well] when it got caught in the silt. It is a unique object as it is decorated.”
The footwear is currently refrigerated to avoid degradation until it can be restored and exhibited in the Archaeological Museum of Asturias. The sandal will thus tell visitors the story of how 2,000 years ago, a rather well-dressed individual descended into a well in Lucus Asturum to extract the mud that was spoiling the water supply to his home.
* This article was originally published here
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Crusader sword, cemetery found in Finland
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A crusader-era sword discovered this summer in Salo-Pertteli, southwest Finland, led to the discovery of a previously unknown cemetery from the same period. The sword and has a straight crossbar hilt with a three-sided oval pommel. The type dates to ca. 1050-1150.
The sword was discovered by a local landowner in late August of this year. He spied a piece of an iron object jutting out of the soil of a geothermal pipe trench after heavy rains. When he pulled it out, he saw it was an almost complete sword. He contacted Juha Ruohose, an archaeology professor at the University of Turku who in turn alerted Sanna Saunaluoma, the archaeologist at the Turku Museum Center who is the official in charge of archaeological material for the Salo area.
Saunaluoma inspected the find site the next day, and suspected that the sword was probably not a single random object that had made its way to the pipe trench. Ruohonen and a team of students from Turku University explored the discovery site in early September to find out more about the sword’s context. They unearthed additional blade fragments, a piece of the scabbard, iron objects of yet-to-be-determined nature, and the remains of a leather belt adorned with thirty square bronze pendants decorated with rosette patterns and several cross-shaped pendants. The belt’s parts also include a buckle, end tips, animal head decorations and strap dividers. A knife hung from the belt. The knife was not found, but its leather sheath decorated with bronze rings was. Fragments of the leather from the belt managed to survive as well, as did remnants of fabric.
Buried with all these objects were human bones and pieces of wood that may have been coffin parts. The materials are all elements from a single burial. The complete belt and the textile fragments are particularly rare.
The excavation expanded outward from the sword find site to reveal a larger cemetery. Eight graves were unearthed just from the walls of the pipe trench, and archaeologists estimate the cemetery had dozens more graves, perhaps as many as 200.
Ruohonen says that the discovery can be considered very significant from a research point of view, as far fewer cemeteries containing inhumations from the time of the Crusades are known in Finland than earlier Iron Age cremation grave sites. The deceased in this newly-discovered cemetery were buried in accordance with Christian customs.
“The location of the site, in the immediate vicinity of a medieval stone church, can be considered as evidence of a much earlier church organization in the area than previously believed. It has been thought that Pertteli parish was established with the founding of the Uskela chapel in the 15th century,” Ruohonen points out.
Radiocarbon dating is being carried out on the bone recovered from the site. The belt and a knife sheath are being x-rayed, further studied and conserved.
* This article was originally published here
Berlusconi's 'worthless' art proving a headache to heirs
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World War II experimental airplane catapult rediscovered
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on October 19, 2023 / comment : 0
A prototype of a World War II airplane bomber catapult has been excavated by a team from the Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA) in Harwell, Oxfordshire. The site is slated for a new development of the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, and the existence of the catapult was known from historical records, but as a failed experiment shut down in 1941, it was not documented in detail, so MOLA archaeologists were enlisted to reveal its secrets. This is the first time the catapult has seen the light and been studied in detail since early in the war.
Design work began on the catapult in 1935, the year Germany rearmed in defiance of the Treaty of Versailles. After three years of planning, catapult construction began in 1938, the year Germany invaded Czechoslovakia. It was completed in 1940, the year of the Battle of Britain when 3,000 men of the Royal Air Force kept control of British skies under the brutal onslaught of Hitler’s Luftwaffe.
The advantages to catapulting a bomber plane into the air included saving the fuel expended in takeoff and requiring a much shorter runway than the conventional variety. Even after this project was shut down, the idea of the airplane catapult survived and was deployed with success to launch aircraft from ships.
The circular central pit, 10 feet deep and 100 feet in diameter, contained most of the catapult’s machinery and engines. The catapult was powered by 12 Rolls-Royce Kestrel aero engines which took up all that space in the pit, hence its depth and breadth. Above the mechanics a turntable was mounted into a slot at the top of the pit’s wall. Two concrete runway channels extended 270 feet north and south from the pit.
The way it was supposed to work was that airplanes would drive onto the turntable which would turn towards one of two runway arms extending north and south. On the south arm, the plane would be hooked onto an underground pneumatic ram would be driven down the channel by a blast of compressed air from the 12 Rolls Royce engines. The plane was supported by a trolley on wheels. The ram would drag the plane to top speed at ground level and launch it into the air. The north runway arm has a different design, perhaps for experimental purposes, which archaeologists are still studying to determine how it was meant to be used.
In the end, none the Mark III catapult was ever used. Only the prototype was built, and it failed in big ways. Its engines kept wearing out, and most bumblingly, the design did not actually fit the bomber planes that already existed. It never successfully launched a single plane. In 1941, it was filled in and a conventional airstrip built on top.
The construction work at the site will continue and the catapult remains have been dismantled, alas. Before it was removed, the catapult facility was thoroughly photographed and scanned and a 3D digital replica created for future research.
* This article was originally published here
Yunchan Lim: 19-year-old piano sensation signs record deal
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Excavation of 6th c. folding chair complete
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on October 18, 2023 / comment : 0
The iron folding chair discovered in August 2022 in the grave of a 6th century woman in Endsee, Bavaria, has been fully excavated a year after it was removed in a soil block. After its discovery, the chair was taken to the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (BLfD) for excavation, study and conservation in laboratory conditions. An initial CT scan revealed that the folding chair was almost intact and was decorated with brass non-ferrous inlays. Those exceptional details have now been revealed.
The chair was deposited at the feet of an adult woman between 40 and 50 years old at time of death. She was adorned with fine jewelry, including a necklace of glass beads and a chatelaine attached to her belt with two bow brooches. Archaeological evidence suggest that she was not just wealthy, but held political office. The x-shaped folding chair was a symbol of her political position.
The folding chair is a simple design: two frames joined with an axle pin. This design is so ancient it has been found in Egyptian tombs going back 4,000 years, with written references from Mesopotamia going back 500 years before that. (Even then the x-frame chair was associated with rulership.) Two narrow slots on the horizontal struts were used to attach the seat. The seat has decomposed, but mineralized traces found on the chair indicate it was made of animal fur. The brass inlays feature geometric motifs, including herringbones, spirals and diamond shapes.
The level of surviving decoration is unprecedented. Early medieval folding chairs are already extremely rare — 30 of them have been found in Europe, only two of them in Germany — and none of the others have anything like this density of detail.
* This article was originally published here
Alec Baldwin could face new charge in Rust shooting, citing 'additional facts'
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Alec Baldwin could face new charge in Rust shooting, citing 'additional facts'
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Britney Spears says she had abortion when dating Justin Timberlake
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‘Confinement’ by Jessica Cox review
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Ofcom online safety director suspended over anti-Israel posts
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Jada Pinkett Smith and Will Smith 'healing relationship'
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19th c. fishing boat recovered from downtown St. Augustine
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on October 16, 2023 / comment : 0
State construction crews in St. Augustine, Florida, have discovered a 19th century shipwreck during road work near the Bridge of Lions. The well-preserved boat was found nearly intact on October 5th by Florida Department of Transportation (FDoT) personnel working on a drainage improvement project in downtown St. Augustine.
Before construction began, archaeological contractors were employed to oversee the work due to St. Augustine’s historic status as the oldest continuously occupied European settlement in the United States with a Native American history that long predates that. Southeastern Archaeological Research (SEARCH) archaeologists excavated the ship, revealing a single-masted, shallow-draft vessel that was originally about 28 feet long, 19 feet of it surviving. It was likely a fishing boat used to collect fish and shellfish in shallow coastal waters.
Archaeologists believe the ship may have been built and operated by its owners, perhaps a family. When it was at the end of its fishing career, it was abandoned in the shallows of the bay. Buried by sediments on the shoreline, the ship was rapidly encapsulated by mud which preserved the wood. Also preserved were artifacts like parts of an oil lamp, coins and a pair of leather shoes that are shaped for a left and right foot, a design that only came into use in the mid-1800s.
As soon as it was exposed, the fragile wooden ship was at risk of rapid deterioration. The team kept the timbers wet to keep them from drying out during the process of fully excavating the boat. The wreck was meticulously documented, measured and mapped by hand, before the boat was extracted plank by plank. The salt water had corroded the iron nails that kept the planks together which made it easier for archaeologists to dismantle the hull in a systematic “reverse construction.”
The planks will now be stabilized in wet storage. The ultimate goal is to put it on display in a local museum.
* This article was originally published here
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