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By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on April 30, 2026 / comment : 0 बॉलीवुड | दैनिक भास्कर, IFTTT
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on April 30, 2026 / comment : 0 बॉलीवुड | दैनिक भास्कर, IFTTT
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on April 30, 2026 / comment : 0 बॉलीवुड | दैनिक भास्कर, IFTTT
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on April 29, 2026 / comment : 0

The gold ligature was found in the East Kirk of St. Nicholas Kirk in Aberdeen. It was discovered during a 2006 salvage excavation before redevelopment that unearthed the remains of around 900 people and tons more disarticulated bones. The mandible with the ligature was part of the disarticulated skeletal material. The remains from the St. Nicholas Kirk excavation were reexamined as part of a recent study of health trends in Scottish history.
The mandible contained nine teeth still in situ. There was enough of it remaining that researchers were able to determine the individual was male and the wear on the teeth indicates he was middle-aged. He had significant tooth decay on the surviving teeth. The cavities in three of the teeth were so large more than 50% of their crowns were destroyed.

There is a furrow on the tooth left by prolonged wear of the wire, evidence that the ligature was in place for a long time before the person died. The shape of the wire drawn across the gap indicates it was tied there after the tooth was lost, and was probably either intended as an anchor to prevent the loss of the right lateral incisor, or as a bridge on which to install a prosthetic tooth (either a human donor tooth or carved from animal bone).
Attempts at restorative dentistry — the repair of damaged or missing teeth — have been found going back to the Neolithic era. Evidence of fillings and dental drilling have been found in remains going back to as much as 6,,500 years ago. Gold wires used as dental ligatures have been found in mummified remains from Old Kingdom Egypt, but appear to have been placed after death as part of the mummification process. The earliest confirmed ligature bridge meant to restore function (rather than as a cosmetic replacement or post-mortem ritual to make the body complete again) dates to Ptolemaic Egypt (303-30 B.C.).
By the Middle Ages, some medical treatises recommended the use of gold or silver wire to stabilize a loose tooth or to fix a replacement tooth into place, but oral care in general was barely touched upon in medical literature. It wasn’t until 1530 that the first dentistry book was published in Germany. Between the limited expertise available to people and the expense necessary to secure precious metals for oral care, dental ligatures on human remains before the 17th century are rare finds, and only a handful of gold ones are known from Portugal and France.

For certain ailments, specialist materials or appliances were required. As is seen in this case, gold alloy wire was, and still is, a preferred material in restorative and conservative dentistry due to its resistance to corrosion and tarnishing and biocompatibility. Given the materials involved a 20-carat gold, silver and copper alloy, a goldsmith was most likely sought out to craft and possibly even fit the ligature. Between 1460–1670 CE, at least 22 goldsmiths were operating in Aberdeen. Any number of these craftsmen were likely capable of producing a simple gold wire (as described above) and creating the observed tightening knot.
Of the 100 individuals that were excavated from inside the East Kirk of St Nicholas that dated to the Early Modern period, the individual presented here was the only one with clear evidence of dental work. The rarity of this find indicates that such procedures were out of reach for most of the inhabitants of Early Modern Aberdeen. It is likely that the cost of the gold was a barrier to most. It is also possible this individual had this work done elsewhere. Unfortunately, there is no way to be certain of this. […]
Though it was not possible to determine where this individual would have received this treatment, the location of burial (i.e., inside the East Kirk of an affluent parish church) indicates he was a relatively wealthy member of the community. Given the social importance of one’s appearance during the Late Medieval and Early Modern era, as an outward expression of their moral character, it is likely the reasons for undergoing this procedure extended beyond retaining masticatory abilities and oral function.
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on April 29, 2026 / comment : 0 BBC News, news
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on April 28, 2026 / comment : 0

The chair was made in the Loire Valley, a center of Late Gothic French Renaissance furniture and art, between 1510 and 1520 when Anne Boleyn was at the French court. It was spotted by Paul Fitzsimmons of Devon-based Marhamchurch Antiques at an auction in New York in 2022. Fitzsimmons is a Tudor and English oak furniture expert who in 2019 identified a gilded wood falcon as a heraldic badge of Anne Boleyn’s removed from Hampton Court Palace after her execution.
The distinctive linenfold carving on the back of the chair is what caught his eye. The walnut backpanel features two nude putti holding a shield with the initials AB tied together by a knotted, tasseled rope known as a cordelière. The putti stand on the tails of dolphins that curve away from each other symmetrically. Their tails are banded together and a Tudor rose rises from the meeting point. The bloom’s placement is significant as the flower is in the center of the seat back where the sitter’s heart would be. Above the shield are “listener” and “talker” figures, motifs found on French ceremonial seats symbolizing the exchange and witnessing of important words.

That’s just the tip of the iceberg on the chair’s background. Fitzsimmons engaged Philadelphia-based historian Sandra Vasoli to investigate the chair’s symbolism. Read her fascinating, meticulous initial research on her website and follow her social media accounts for future updates.
Capturing a Queen: The Image of Anne Boleyn exhibit runs at Hever Castle through January 2, 2027. The chair will be on display alongside the gilded falcon, another of Anne’s heraldic emblems — a carved wooden leopard’s head — painted portraits and ceremonial objects from her reign as Queen.
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on April 28, 2026 / comment : 0 BBC News, news
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on April 27, 2026 / comment : 0
A rare Roman metalworking tool discovered in the Czech Republic may shed new light on how Roman armor was made.
Experts consider a well-preserved calibration plate intended for stretching and thinning metal wires to be an exceptional find. Its holes are rusted and may contain traces of metal wires.
“We will hand over the calibration plate to the laboratory for spectrometric analysis, which will help us determine what material the wire was made of. The thinned wire could have been used, for example, to make chain mail,” added Moš. According to experts, this is an exceptional find in Central Europe.
The calibration plate was discovered in a rescue archaeology excavation along the route of a high-speed railway being built between Nezamyslice and Kojetín. The excavation of this 1.2 km stretch of the railway has uncovered more than 1,000 objects ranging in date from the Early Bronze Age to the Roman Imperial period.



All of the finds recovered in the excavation have been transferred to the Archaeological Center Olomouc. The artifacts are now being cleaned, documented and conserved and subjected to scientific analyses. In addition to the material analysis of the calibration plate, the stone molds will also be tested for traces of the metals cast in them.
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on April 27, 2026 / comment : 0 BBC News, news
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on April 27, 2026 / comment : 0 news, films E
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