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LIVE - The Car Festival Of Lord Jagannath | Rath Yatra | Puri, Odisha)

Exploring the Complexities of Offence: A Nuanced Perspective

Exploring the Complexities of Offence: A Nuanced Perspective

Understanding the Multifaceted Nature of Offence

Offence is a complex and often misunderstood concept that encompasses a wide range of behaviors and perceptions. It is a deeply personal and subjective experience, shaped by individual backgrounds, cultural norms, and societal expectations. As we navigate the intricacies of offence, it is essential to approach the topic with empathy, nuance, and a willingness to engage in meaningful dialogue.

The Subjective Nature of Offence

One of the fundamental challenges in addressing offence lies in its inherently subjective nature. What may be perceived as offensive by one individual may be completely innocuous to another. This variability is rooted in the diverse experiences, beliefs, and sensitivities that each person brings to the table. Understanding this subjectivity is crucial in fostering a more inclusive and understanding society.

Cultural Influences on Offence

Offence is often deeply rooted in cultural norms and traditions. What may be considered offensive in one cultural context may be perfectly acceptable or even celebrated in another. This cultural diversity underscores the importance of respecting and acknowledging the varying perspectives that exist within our global community.

The Role of Intent in Offence

The intent behind an action or statement plays a significant role in determining whether it is perceived as offensive. While some individuals may be genuinely unaware of the potential for offence, others may intentionally engage in behavior that is designed to provoke or cause harm. Understanding the nuances of intent is crucial in navigating the complex landscape of offence.

The Consequences of Offence

The consequences of offence can be far-reaching and profound, impacting individuals, communities, and society as a whole. From emotional distress and social exclusion to strained relationships and even legal repercussions, the impact of offence can be deeply disruptive and long-lasting.

Emotional and Psychological Impact

Experiencing offence can have a significant emotional and psychological impact on individuals. Feelings of hurt, anger, and even trauma can arise, leading to a range of negative mental health consequences. It is essential to acknowledge and address these impacts to promote healing and understanding.

Social and Relational Consequences

Offence can also have far-reaching social and relational consequences. It can strain interpersonal relationships, foster divisions within communities, and contribute to a climate of mistrust and hostility. Navigating these complex social dynamics requires empathy, open communication, and a willingness to engage in constructive dialogue.

Navigating the Complexities of Offence

Addressing the complexities of offence is a multifaceted challenge that requires a nuanced and thoughtful approach. It involves balancing individual rights and freedoms with the need to create a more inclusive and respectful society.

Fostering Empathy and Understanding

At the heart of navigating offence is the cultivation of empathy and understanding. By actively listening to diverse perspectives, acknowledging the subjective nature of offence, and striving to understand the experiences and sensitivities of others, we can build bridges and foster more constructive dialogues.

Promoting Open Communication and Dialogue

Effective communication and open dialogue are essential in addressing offence. By creating safe spaces for individuals to express their concerns, share their experiences, and engage in respectful discourse, we can work towards finding common ground and developing mutually acceptable solutions.

Embracing Nuance and Complexity

Recognizing the nuanced and complex nature of offence is crucial in navigating this challenging terrain. Simplistic or one-size-fits-all approaches often fall short, and a willingness to engage with the inherent complexities of the issue is necessary for meaningful progress.

Conclusion: Towards a More Inclusive and Respectful Society

Addressing the complexities of offence is an ongoing and multifaceted challenge, but one that is essential for the creation of a more inclusive and respectful society. By fostering empathy, promoting open communication, and embracing the nuances of this issue, we can work towards a future where individuals feel heard, respected, and valued, regardless of their diverse backgrounds and perspectives.

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The Power of Consistency: Unlocking Your Full Potential

The Power of Consistency: Unlocking Your Full Potential

Embracing the Routine

In our fast-paced, ever-changing world, it's easy to get caught up in the constant pursuit of the next big thing. We're bombarded with messages telling us to constantly innovate, disrupt, and seek out the latest trends. While there's certainly value in staying agile and adaptable, true mastery often lies in the power of consistency.

The Transformative Nature of Habit

Habits are the foundation upon which we build our lives. Whether it's a daily exercise routine, a consistent sleep schedule, or a disciplined approach to work, the habits we cultivate have a profound impact on our overall well-being and productivity. By embracing the power of habit, we can unlock our full potential and achieve remarkable feats.

The Compounding Effect of Consistency

One of the most remarkable aspects of habit-building is the compounding effect it can have over time. When we commit to a consistent practice, each day's effort builds upon the last, creating a snowball effect that can lead to extraordinary results. Whether it's mastering a new skill, improving our physical fitness, or enhancing our mental well-being, the steady, incremental progress we make through consistent effort can ultimately transform our lives.

Overcoming Resistance to Change

Change, even positive change, can be challenging. Our brains are wired to seek comfort and familiarity, and the prospect of disrupting our existing routines can be daunting. However, by acknowledging and addressing the resistance we may feel, we can learn to embrace the transformative power of consistency.

Strategies for Sustainable Change

Implementing sustainable change requires a multi-faceted approach. It's important to start small, setting achievable goals and gradually building upon our successes. Celebrating our wins, no matter how small, can help reinforce the positive impact of our consistent efforts. Additionally, finding ways to make our new habits enjoyable or meaningful can help us stick to them in the long run.

The Discipline of Consistency

Consistency is not always easy. It requires discipline, focus, and a willingness to push through the inevitable challenges and setbacks. However, by cultivating a mindset of resilience and perseverance, we can transform our lives in remarkable ways.

Embracing the Ups and Downs

The path to mastery is rarely linear. There will be days when we feel motivated and inspired, and others when the struggle feels insurmountable. It's important to acknowledge and accept these fluctuations, recognizing that they are a natural part of the process. By embracing the ups and downs, we can learn to navigate the journey with greater self-compassion and understanding.

The Ripple Effect of Consistency

When we commit to consistent practices, the impact extends far beyond our individual lives. Our habits and behaviors can have a profound influence on those around us, creating a ripple effect that touches the lives of our loved ones, our communities, and even the world at large.

Leading by Example

As we cultivate our own habits of consistency, we have the opportunity to inspire and empower others. By sharing our stories, offering support and encouragement, and leading by example, we can help others unlock their own potential and create positive change in their lives.

Embracing the Journey

Ultimately, the power of consistency lies in its ability to transform our lives, one step at a time. By embracing the routine, cultivating sustainable habits, and navigating the ups and downs with resilience, we can unlock our full potential and create the life we truly desire.

A Call to Action

So, let us embrace the power of consistency and embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth. Whether it's a daily meditation practice, a dedicated exercise regimen, or a commitment to lifelong learning, let us harness the transformative potential of habit and unlock the greatness that lies within us.

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🎶 The Rhythmic Allure of Indian Melodies

Exploring the Enchanting World of Hindi Music: A Captivating Journey

🎶 The Rhythmic Allure of Indian Melodies

Music has the power to transcend boundaries, weaving a tapestry of cultural richness that captivates the hearts of listeners worldwide. In the vibrant tapestry of Indian music, the alluring melodies of Hindi songs hold a special place, inviting us on a mesmerizing journey through the depths of emotion and tradition.

Discovering the Essence of Hindi Music

Hindi music, with its intricate blend of classical and contemporary elements, is a true reflection of the diverse and dynamic cultural heritage of India. From the soulful renditions of Bollywood classics to the enchanting folk tunes that have been passed down through generations, this musical tradition offers a captivating gateway into the rich tapestry of Indian culture.

Immersing Ourselves in the Rhythmic Tapestry

As we delve into the world of Hindi music, we are immediately struck by the mesmerizing rhythms that seem to pulse through the very fabric of the melodies. The intricate interplay of instruments, such as the sitar, tabla, and harmonium, creates a captivating soundscape that transports us to a realm of pure musical bliss.

🎶 Exploring the Emotional Depth of Hindi Lyrics

Beyond the enchanting melodies, the lyrics of Hindi songs hold a profound depth that resonates with the human experience. These poetic expressions delve into the full spectrum of emotions, from the tender pangs of love to the cathartic release of heartbreak, and the triumphant celebration of life's joys.

Connecting with the Universal Language of the Heart

One of the remarkable aspects of Hindi music is its ability to transcend linguistic barriers and speak directly to the heart. The emotive power of the lyrics, coupled with the evocative melodies, creates a universal language that can be understood and appreciated by listeners from diverse backgrounds.

Discovering the Stories Woven into the Lyrics

As we immerse ourselves in the lyrics of Hindi songs, we uncover a tapestry of stories that reflect the rich cultural tapestry of India. These lyrical narratives delve into the complexities of human relationships, the triumphs and struggles of everyday life, and the timeless themes that resonate across cultures.

🎶 The Enduring Legacy of Hindi Music

The enduring legacy of Hindi music is a testament to its profound impact on the cultural landscape of India and beyond. From the golden age of Bollywood to the contemporary fusion of traditional and modern elements, this musical tradition continues to captivate audiences worldwide.

Preserving the Traditions of Hindi Music

As we celebrate the timeless beauty of Hindi music, it is crucial to recognize the importance of preserving and honoring the rich traditions that have shaped this art form. The dedication of musicians, composers, and lyricists who have devoted their lives to the craft ensures that the essence of Hindi music remains vibrant and relevant for generations to come.

Embracing the Evolving Landscape of Hindi Music

While respecting the time-honored traditions, Hindi music has also demonstrated a remarkable ability to adapt and evolve, seamlessly incorporating contemporary influences and technological advancements. This dynamic interplay between the old and the new has resulted in a diverse and ever-expanding musical landscape that continues to captivate and inspire audiences around the world.

🎶 Embarking on a Musical Journey

As we embark on this captivating journey through the world of Hindi music, we are invited to immerse ourselves in the rich tapestry of melodies, lyrics, and cultural heritage that this tradition has to offer. Whether you are a lifelong enthusiast or a newcomer to this enchanting realm, the allure of Hindi music is sure to leave an indelible mark on your heart and soul.

Discovering the Joy of Hindi Music

The true essence of Hindi music lies in its ability to evoke a sense of joy, wonder, and emotional resonance within the listener. As we explore the diverse repertoire of Hindi songs, we are reminded of the power of music to transcend language and cultural barriers, uniting us in a shared experience of human expression and artistic brilliance.

Embracing the Transformative Power of Hindi Music

By immersing ourselves in the captivating world of Hindi music, we open ourselves to a transformative experience that can enrich our lives in profound ways. Whether it is the soothing balm of a melancholic melody or the exhilarating energy of an upbeat rhythm, Hindi music has the power to touch our hearts, inspire our souls, and leave an indelible mark on our cultural understanding.

🎶 Conclusion: Embracing the Enchanting Melodies of Hindi Music

As we bid farewell to this captivating exploration of the enchanting world of Hindi music, we are left with a renewed appreciation for the depth, beauty, and cultural significance of this timeless art form. Whether you are a lifelong devotee or a newcomer to this musical tradition, the allure of Hindi music is sure to captivate your senses and leave an indelible mark on your heart and soul.

Continuing the Journey of Musical Discovery

The journey of discovering and appreciating Hindi music is an ongoing one, filled with endless opportunities for exploration and personal growth. As we continue to immerse ourselves in the rich tapestry of melodies, lyrics, and cultural traditions, we are invited to embark on a transformative journey that can enrich our lives and deepen our understanding of the human experience.

Embracing the Universal Language of Music

In the end, the power of Hindi music lies in its ability to transcend boundaries and speak to the universal language of the heart. Whether it is the soulful rendition of a classic Bollywood song or the enchanting folk tunes that have been passed down through generations, this musical tradition invites us to connect with the shared experiences of joy, sorrow, love, and triumph that unite us all as human beings.

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Princely tomb raised from Terracotta Warrior mausoleum complex

A massive tomb weighing 16 tons has been raised from a deep pit in the mausoleum complex of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China whose tomb is famously garrisoned by an army of life-sized terracotta warriors 6,000 strong. The coffin was found to contain very rich funerary deposits, including weapons, armor, jade, a pair of gold and silver camels, a set of cooking utensils and 6,000 bronze coins. Which such a grand burial, the deceased must have been a warrior of high rank, perhaps even one of the sons of the Qin Emperor.

Covering an area of 22 square miles, Qin Shi Huang’s tomb is the largest mausoleum in the world and much of it has yet to be excavated out of concerns for exposing it to damage from seismic activity, the elements and looters. A 2010 excavation focused on the foundations of the tomb, and uncovered a massive palace with 18 courtyard-style homes around a central building. It is a quarter of the size of the Forbidden City in Beijing, and is considered its conceptual progenitor, albeit this one was meant for the emperor to inhabit after his death.

That excavation also unearthed nine tombs in 2011. Their large coffins were left in place in keeping with the Chinese government’s hands-off policy as regards the mausoleum and its contents. Archaeologists returned this year to recover the coffin after it was threatened by heavy rain. It was excavated and removed for further study and examination of the contents in a controlled environment.

Archaeologists are hoping to find clues about the owner of the tomb. The current hypothesis is that it may belong to Prince Gao, one of 50 children of Qin Shi Huang, whose burial in the mausoleum is recorded in the Records of the Grand Historian (also known as the Shiji), the epic history of China begun by Sima Tan, Grand Scribe of the Han dynasty, in the late 2nd century B.C. and completed by his son and successor Sima Quian around 91 B.C.

According to the Shiji, after Qin Shi Huang’s death, his youngest son Hu Hai took the throne after killing all his competitors. Prince Gao told his brother that he regretted not voluntarily following his father into the afterlife, and asked that he be killed and buried in the great mausoleum. Hu Hai was glad to oblige.

The story of Prince Gao could be entirely fictional. The Shiji is a chronicle, but like Livy’s Ab urbe condita, it treats legend and tradition as indistinguishable from fact. The biographies of emperors begins with the legendary Yellow Emperor, and while Qin Shi Huang died in 210 B.C., only about 100 years before Sima Tan began writing the Records, the Shiji makes all kinds of outlandish claims even about Qin’s comparatively recent reign. However, some of those outlandish claims have already surprised archaeologists by having more than a kernel truth. For example, the Shiji describes the mausoleum as having “100 rivers of mercury” flowing through it. Soil testing found levels of mercury 100 times higher than normal, so maybe the 100 rivers thing was an overstatement, but it was not a complete fabrication.

“After the first emperor died, his sons all came to a bad end, so I’m still more inclined to believe that this tomb belongs to a high-ranking nobleman or army chief,” Jiang Wenxiao, the excavation leader, said.

Wenxiao added: “The tomb was so precisely built. So deep, so large in scale. Most ancient tombs have been robbed so we didn’t have much hope for the coffin chamber. But it turned out it hadn’t been robbed. We were amazed.”

The discovery has been filmed by a British-Chinese co-production which was granted unprecedented access to the mausoleum site and the active excavation. The finds will be the focus of the Mysteries of the Terracotta Warriors which debuts on Netflix on June 12th.



* This article was originally published here

Comedian makes 'cathartic' sitcom about sexual abuse

Mark O'Sullivan says 'My Sexual Abuse: The Sitcom' has been a healing experience.

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Why Anjana Vasan is done people pleasing

The actress says she has a lot in common with her character Amina in We Are Lady Parts.

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What Use is Prehistory to the Historian?

What Use is Prehistory to the Historian? JamesHoare

* This article was originally published here

Homeless sent out of city to make room for Taylor Swift fans

A number of homeless people have been sent out of Edinburgh to make way for tourists ahead of the Eras tour dates.

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London's Evening Standard axes daily print edition

The newspaper plans to go to a single weekly print edition after almost 200 years.

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‘Age of Wolf and Wind’ by Davide Zori review

‘Age of Wolf and Wind’ by Davide Zori review JamesHoare

* This article was originally published here

Music conductor sentenced over child sex offences

Jan Latham-Koenig arranged to meet a 14-year-old boy who turned out to be an undercover police officer.

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Blood Cancer: Cases Of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Rising Among Indian Youth, Claim Experts

A recent study published in the journal Lancet showed that the condition is found in much younger persons, with the majority of patients being diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 40 years, in India. In comparison, the average age of diagnosis in Western countries is 64 years. 

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Why is Race Across the World so popular?

Some of the contesants think the "relatable" show offers amazing insights into other people's lives.

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Why is Race Across the World so popular?

Some of the contesants think the "relatable" show offers amazing insights into other people's lives.

from BBC News https://ift.tt/cpjPzol

Napoleonic Wars soldiers’ graffiti found on Dover Castle door

A wooden door covered in more than 50 carvings from soldiers garrisoned there from the wars of the French Revolution through the mid-19th century has been discovered at Dover Castle. Graffiti include initials, surnames, dates, a large single-masted sailing ship and nine men hanging from gallows.

First built shortly after 1066 to defend the Strait of Dover, the shortest sea crossing between England and mainland Europe and therefore an inestimably valuable strategic position, Dover Castle took its permanent form under Henry II. The great keep, towers, inner and outer baileys were completed by 1188. St. John’s Tower was added under Henry III after 1217.

The castle’s fortunes declined in the Civil War period (1642-5), and it began to be used as a prison for captured French and Spanish soldiers in the wars of the late 17th and early 18th centuries. They passed the time carving graffiti on the walls. Dover Castle was revived as a defensive fortress in the Georgian period as tensions rose between Britain and France.

A new construction program restored the crumbling buildings and erected new barracks to house infantrymen in the 1750s. Come the wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon, military engineers completely redesigned the outer defenses to protect the castle from modern artillery and converted the Great Tower into a massive magazine for gunpowder, shot, shells and other supplies. Thousands of soldiers were garrisoned there.

The door with the carvings was originally on an upper floor of St. John’s Tower. During Dover Castle’s revival, it was guarded at all times by six to 12 men, one or two of them manning the top room repurposed as a watchtower because of its a commanding view of the exposed northern flank of the castle. The guards were armed with knives, perhaps bayonets, and they put their sharpened ends to good use decorating the old door.

The plank door was rediscovered several years ago. It had long been inaccessible without using a ladder to reach the base of a spiral staircase. Covered in several thick coats of paint, the graffiti were not immediately evident. It was only when the door was removed for conservation and the old paint layers stripped that the engraved treasure they were concealing was revealed.

The St John’s Tower door contains around 50 pieces of carved graffiti. These include: three dates: 1789, the date of the French Revolution; 1798, a period of rebuilding in the castle; and 1855, when changes were planned to the tower. There are also many sets of people’s initials and two surnames: Downam and Hopper/Hooper. At least nine contain gruesome illustrations of hangings, a strange and macabre repetition, including one example where a man wears a military uniform and a bicorne hat. It is possible that this could be a depiction of a real hanging, as hangings were known to take place in Dover and did serve as morbid entertainment, or perhaps even a representation of Napoleon himself. Also present is a detailed and accurate carving of single-masted sailing ship, most likely an 8-gun cutter which was a fast vessel used by the Royal Navy, the Revenue Service, smugglers and privateers. Another curious symbol which depicts a glass or chalice for wine, surmounted by an elaborated cross, may be a representation of Christian holy communion.

The door was removed from its original location for conservation and stabilization. Old coats of paint, added after the graffiti was carved, were removed. The wood of the door was cleaned and treated for long-term preservation. It will go on display in July at Dover Castle’s new exhibition, Dover Under Siege. In addition to viewing the door, visitors to the exhibition will have the chance to walk the castle’s northern defenses, casements and its medieval and Georgian underground tunnels.



* This article was originally published here

Nicki Minaj fans fume as gig is axed after drugs arrest

The US rapper's show at Manchester's Co-op Live arena was called off at the last minute on Saturday.

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Nicki Minaj fans fume as gig is axed after drugs arrest

The US rapper's show at Manchester's Co-op Live arena was called off at the last minute on Saturday.

from BBC News https://ift.tt/pKhdgtn

‘The Damascus Events’ and ‘Sea of Troubles’ review

‘The Damascus Events’ and ‘Sea of Troubles’ review JamesHoare

* This article was originally published here

#kids S

Watch: Coldplay pay tribute to Luton in new song

Chris Martin's Coldplay shared a new song in tribute to Luton where the band are playing.

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Watch: Airport employee informs Nicki Minaj of bag search

The American rapper was forced to cancel her gig in Manchester following her arrest at Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport.

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Watch: Coldplay pay tribute to Luton in new song

Chris Martin's Coldplay shared a new song in tribute to Luton where the band are playing.

from BBC News https://ift.tt/rTMAWkC

Ritual burial of dozens of horses from Gallic Wars found

Nine pits containing skeletons of horses buried during the Gallic Wars have been discovered in Villedieu-sur-Indre, central France. Radiocarbon dating of the horse bones found the burials date to the late Gallic/early Roman period, ca. 100 B.C. – 100 A.D.

The 1.3 hectare site is being excavated by archaeologists from France’s National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (INRAP) before road construction. The investigation revealed evidence of buildings, ditches, pits and a path from an early medieval (5th-6th century A.D.) settlement, as well as the much older horse burial pits.

Only two of the nine pits have been fully excavated so far, the first of them containing the remains of 10 horses, the second containing the remains of only two horses. The skeletons in both pits were complete and articulated. They were carefully and deliberately placed in the pits lying on their right side with their heads pointing south. The horses in the larger pit were arranged in two rows and two layers. The smaller pit had its only two horses in a single row.

All of the horses were adult males over four years of age at time of death. They are small, about 11.8 hands (just under four feet) high at the withers. The positioning and the way the bones of different horses connect in the pit indicates they were all buried at the same time very soon after they died.

Between the two horse pits is another animal burial pit, this one containing the skeletal remains of two adult dogs of medium size. They were also placed with deliberation and care, on their left sides with their heads pointing west.

The remaining pits are being excavated now, and the bones that have emerges thus far bring the total number of horses up to 28. There will be many more added to the tally by time the excavation is complete. Archaeologists hope they will be able to unravel the cause of death. We know it was not an epidemic or the horses would not have been all adult males of the same age.

Similar clusters of horse burials from this period have been found at sites in the Gergovia plain, where the Arverni tribe had their capital and where their chieftain Vercingetorix led his cavalry against the Roman army of Julius Caesar in 52 B.C. and won. Two months later, Caesar won decisively at the Battle of Alesia, forcing Vercingetorix to surrender and ending the Gallic Wars. Villedieu-sur-Indre was also close to a battle between Romans and Gauls. Caesar didn’t record it in Gallic Wars, but Roman sling bullets have been found in the nearby oppidium, so the area was definitely in the thick of the conflict.

Archaeologists believe there is therefore a connection between the horse burials and the battles of the Gallic Wars. The burials are too consistent and tidy for the horses to have been killed in battle. The current hypothesis is that the burials were part of an unknown ritual, that the horses were sacrificed. If so, it would have been a ritual of enormous significance to require the destruction of the core of the battle-seasoned herd.



* This article was originally published here

Baby Reindeer 'a big problem' for Netflix and Gadd - Morgan

Journalist Piers Morgan says there are issues to be addressed by the programme makers.

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Clive Myrie: ‘Mass shootings undermined my love for the US’

The BBC star also discussed his family, who came to the UK as part of the Windrush generation.

from BBC News https://ift.tt/EytFTBz

Nicki Minaj freed after arrest at Amsterdam airport

The rapper was due to play a concert at Manchester's Co-op Live venue.

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Nicki Minaj freed after arrest at Amsterdam airport

The rapper was due to play a concert at Manchester's Co-op Live venue.

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Remains of saint’s reliquary found in church crypt

The remains of the reliquary of St. Svithun, long believed to have been sent to Denmark and melted down 500 years ago, have been found in the crypt of the church dedicated to him in Stavanger, Norway.

The find consists of a gilded copper plate measuring five by ten centimeters with small holes along the edges which indicate that it has been attached to a larger object, for example a wooden plate. The archaeologists see this in connection with a gilded silver medallion with an animal motif, and several decorative glass gems.

“We were very surprised when we carried out an X-ray examination of the copper plate. The image clearly reveals a church building with tower and roof, columns and windows,” says conservator Bettina Ebert.

According to the archaeologists, all these finds can be connected to the reliquary of St. Svithun.

St. Swithun was the Anglo-Saxon Bishop of Winchester from 852 until his death in 863. His remains were translated to a shrine inside the new cathedral at Winchester a century later, and a so many miracles occurred during and after the move that the Winchester monks lodged a protest at having to drop everything and go to church to celebrate every time a miracle happened, even multiple times a night. They gave up when Swithun appeared in a dream and told them they had to go to church or he’d stop doing miracles. He was thereafter canonized a saint by popular acclaim.

His relics were translated again when the new Norman cathedral was built in 1093, and while most of the core set remained there, some of his bones were shared with other parishes and shrines in the Middle Ages. The Winchester shrine and St. Swithun’s remains were destroyed in the frenzy of the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII in 1538.

Stavanger got the saint’s arm bone because its first bishop, Bishop Reinald, came to the newly-established bishopric from Winchester and began construction of its cathedral in around 1100. Contemporary sources say Reinald already had the arm in Stavanger in 1112. The cathedral was completed in 1125.

The excavation of the basement of the church was triggered by the chance discovery of a 700-year-old ivory figurine of Melchior, one of the Three Kings, kneeling before the Christ Child. The follow-up investigation unearthed an ivory of the Virgin Mary. They were parts of at two different altarpieces.

Many precious objects followed the discovery of the ivory figurines: gilded fragments of liturgical objects, hundreds of pieces from the old stained glass windows, a burial chamber, likely of a bishop, a woven gold band from the fine vestments of a church official, the papal seal of Boniface VIII (r. 1294–1303), and an enameled metalwork fitting with an intricate geometric decoration. Also found in the excavation were 160 coin and bracteates plus 60 fragments of coins and bracteates. This is Stavanger’s largest ever medieval coin discovery. More utilitarian objects from daily life were uncovered as well, like a tablespoon and an ear spoon.

While there is no detailed description of the reliquary that held the holy humerus (or ulna, or radius), reliquaries shaped like churches studded with colorful gem-like stones were popular in medieval Norway. That means somebody defied the Reformation zealots who busted up the cathedral’s stained glass windows for their idolatrous Catholic imagery and secreted the saint’s relics under the North Tower to keep them from being destroyed.

“In terms of quantity and significance, the finds in the basement have exceeded all expectations and reflect more than 1,000 years of Stavanger’s history. They demonstrate the cathedral and city’s clerical wealth and contact with Rome in a way not previously seen in the archaeological material,” [excavation leader Sean] Denham says.

Visitors will be able to see these treasures and more in the museum’s 2025 exhibition celebrating the cathedral’s 900th anniversary.



* This article was originally published here

McCartney roasts Springsteen at Ivor Awards

The star mocks his friend, as he presents him with a prestigious lifetime achievement award.

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McCartney roasts Springsteen at Ivor Awards

The star mocks his friend, as he presents him with a prestigious lifetime achievement award.

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Neolithic mammoth bones found in Austrian wine cellar

A winemaker in Gobelsburg, Lower Austria, renovating his wine cellar stumbled on some large bones that have proved to be 30,000-40,000-year-old mammoth remains. This is the most significant mammoth bone finding in Austria in more than a century, and the first to be excavated with modern methods.

The winemaker, Andreas Pernerstorfer, discovered the first bone in March, and he thought it was an old piece of wood left by his grandfather. After digging it up a little more, he began to suspect it wasn’t wood. He recalled his grandfather had told Andreas years ago that he had found teeth in the cellar, and that made him suspect his new discovery was a mammoth too.

He reported his discovery to the Federal Monuments Office and they called in a team of archaeologists from the Austrian Archaeological Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) to investigate the find. Since the excavation began in mid-May, they have unearthed several dense layers of mammoth bones containing the skeletal remains of at least three different mammoths. The team carefully recovered each bone, revealing multiple interlocking bones.

The last comparable discovery in Austria was made not far from the current excavation site: 150 years ago, in an adjacent wine cellar in Gobelsburg, “a mighty bone layer as well as cultural layers with flint artifacts, decorative fossils and charcoal” were also discovered in the ÖAW release: “ During the excavation there, the affected cellars were completely cleared out, and other comparable sites in Austria and neighboring countries were mostly dug at least 100 years ago and are largely lost to modern research.

Stone artifacts and charcoal remains also came to light in the area of ​​the new excavation. Based on this, the team dated the bone remains to be between 30,000 and 40,000 years old. This could have been a place where Stone Age people once rounded up the massive animals or drove them into a trap and killed them. It is hoped that the unusual discovery situation will provide new information about how people organized and carried out the hunt for the animals back then: “We know that people hunted mammoths, but we still know little about how they did it,” [excavation leader Hannah] Parow-Souchon said.

The ÖAW team is recording the site with 3D mapping technology. They hope it will shed light on how the animals died and, if they’re right about the case of death, on how human hunters were able to take down such massive prey.

Once the bones are fully excavated, they will be transferred to the Natural History Museum (NHM) Vienna for additional study and restoration.



* This article was originally published here

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Book with notes by John Milton found in Phoenix public library

A rare book with handwritten annotations by Paradise Lost author John Milton has been discovered in a public library in Phoenix, Arizona. This is only the third book with Milton’s notes known to survive, and one of only nine surviving books from his library.

The notes in two volumes of Holinshed’s Chronicles, a history of England, Ireland and Scotland published in 1587, were spotted by researchers in the Rare Book Room of the Burton Barr Central Library this March. Arizona State University faculty invited four visiting scholars to examine a selection of books collected by Alfred Knight, a real estate magnate, bibliophile and philanthropist who bequeathed his collection of more than 2,300 items, including a wide range of literary output from illuminated manuscripts to cuneiform tablets, Shakespeare folios and rare first editions, to the people of Phoenix in 1958. Knight had two fine first editions Milton’s Paradise Lost (1667–8) and collected prose (1697), but he had no idea that his copy of Holinshed was part of the great author’s personal library.

The Holinshed was among the books pulled for the research forum, and two of the visiting researchers recognized the distinctive italic handwriting in the notes as that of John Milton. Dr Aaron Pratt, Curator of Early Books & Manuscripts at University of Texas, was the first to notice that a letter “e” looked a lot like Milton’s “e.” Claire Bourne, the associate professor of English at Penn State who in 2019 had found Milton’s annotations in Shakespeare’s First Folio at the Philadelphia Free Library, compared the Holinshed’s notes to the Shakespeare ones, and found them so similar, she sent photos of the notes to Professor Jason Scott-Warren at the University of Cambridge. He didn’t hesitate to agree that this was Milton’s hand.

John Milton censors Raphael Holinshed's lewd anecdote about the mother of William the Conqueror, Arlete. Milton crosses the passage out with a diagonal line and adds a note saying: "an unbecom[ing] / tale for a hist[ory] / and as pedlerl[y] / expresst". Photo courtesy the Phoenix Public Library.The researchers found more than 100 annotations in the first volume alone. In one of them he takes umbrage at a passage, striking the entire paragraph with a diagonal line on the grounds that it is “an unbecoming tale for a history and as pedlerly expresst.” “Pedlerly” means junky, like something a peddler would sell. Milton was clutching his pearls over a rather juicy story, to be fair: the conception of William the Bastard, later known as William the Conqueror.

In the yéere of Christ 1030, Robert, the second sonne of Richard the second duke of Normandie, and brother to Richard the third duke of that name there having with great honour and wisedome gouerned his dukedome seven yéeres, for performance of a penance that he had set to himselfe, appointed a pilgrimage to Jerusalem; leaving behind him this William a yoong prince, whome seven yéeres before he had begotten upon his paramour Arlete (whom after he held as his wife) with whose beautifull favour, lovelie grace and presence, at hir dansing on a time then as he was tenderlie touched, for familiar utterance of his mind what he had further to say, would néeds that night she should be his bedfellow, who else as wivelesse should have lien alone: where when she was bestowed, thinking that if she should have laid hir selfe naked, it might have séemed not so maidenlie a part: so when the duke was about (as the maner is) to have lift up hir linnen, she in an humble modestie staid hir lords hand, and rent downe hir smocke asunder, from the collar to the verie skirt. Heereat the duke all smiling did aske hir what thereby she ment? In great lowlines, with a feate question she answerd againe; “My lord, were it méet that any part of my garments dependant about me downeward, should presume to be mountant to my sovereignes mouth vpward? Let your grace pardon me.” He liked hir answer: and so and so foorth for that time.

So basically, instead of letting Robert I take her shirt off, Arlete tore it off her body Chippendales’ style from neckline to waist. Nine months later, a bouncing baby Conqueror was born.

The researchers believe that the discovery opens up new perspectives on his engagement with a major source for his writings, including Of “Reformation “(1641) and “The History of Britain” (1670). He would have been working on both around the time—or shortly after—he was reading the “Chronicles”.

Several of Milton’s notes cite other books known to have been in his library. These include John Stow’s “Annales”, another key source of historical information. Milton also marked out Holinshed quoting Giovanni Villani’s “Chroniche di Firenze” (“Chronicles of Florence”), a book which Milton included in the curriculum he developed for his nephews in the 1640s.

The notes also emphasize Milton’s interest in continental poetry. Under Holinshed’s assertion that Richard the Lionheart was “not very notorious,” Milton added, “the booke of Provenzall poets numbers him in / the catalogue, telling of his poetrie, and his Provenzal / mistresses.” The researchers believe this book refers to Jean de Nostredame’s “Les vies des plus célèbres et anciens poètes provençaux” (Lyon, 1575), which discusses Richard’s poetry and mistresses.



* This article was originally published here

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German novel Kairos wins International Booker

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Carved bull heads found in Roman-era tomb in Turkey

Excavations at the ancient site of Tharsa, near Kuyulu village in southeastern Turkey, have unearthed a tomb with two carved bull heads guarding the entrance. The bull heads are decorated with garlands and rosettes between the horns.

The bull head, called bucranium after the Greek for “ox skull,” was a common decorative motif in Classical religious and funerary architecture. They referred to an even more ancient practice of displaying the heads of sacrificed oxen on temple walls. In Imperial Rome, the bull sacrifice was connected to the worship of Cybele introduced from Asia Minor. The sacrificial ritual represented purification and rebirth into eternal life, and the carved bucrania performed the same function at the entrance to the tomb.

Tharsa was located on a major Roman road from Doliche to Samosata. It is marked on the Tabula Peutingeriana (Segmentum XI, 2), the Late Imperial map of the Roman state road network made in the 4th century based on a 1st century map made by Augustus’ right hand man and son-in-law Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. The archaeological site today consists of two settlement mounds — the Big Mound and the Small Mound — and a large necropolis with tombs cut into the living rock. The tombs were in use from the 3rd century into the Byzantine era.

The first excavations of the rock tombs took place in 1999, but did not resume again until 2021 when a revitalization project cleared 10 acres of land. Sixty tombs have been unearthed since then, each individually carved with different designs and decorative motifs.

The new dig season began in April of this year and has uncovered another two tombs, one of which was the bulls’ head tomb. Like the other rock tombs in the necropolis, the bulls head tomb was carved down into the bedrock. A dozen steps were carved out descending into to the burial chamber which has three acrosolia (arched niches where bodies were placed). The carved bull heads are worn

A new drainage system is being built to prevent rainwater runoff from seeping into the graves and damaging them. Excavation and removal of soil and rocks from the graves will continue until September.



* This article was originally published here

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Revolutionary War barracks found at Colonial Williamsburg

Colonial Williamsburg archaeologists have uncovered the remains of a Revolutionary War barracks destroyed by British General Cornwallis in 1781.

“Here at Colonial Williamsburg, we interpret the American Revolution and the politics that led up to it, and a lot of the events that led up to it,” Gary said. “But then, we don’t have a lot of sites that really tell us about what actually happened during the wartime. And this site does. It allows us to get some insight into the everyday lives of your everyday common soldier. it also tells us about what the officers’ lives were like.”

The remains were discovered last summer in anticipation of the construction of a new indoor sports complex near the visitor center. Over the course of five months, the excavation revealed musket balls, lead shot with tooth marks where soldiers poisoned themselves by chewing on the soft, sweet metal like jewelry fragments, pottery, horseshoes, cavalry horse fittings and grooming tools. Structural remains include bricks and chimney bases.

Only a small section of the barracks has been excavated. It was large, around three or four acres in area. It was built in 1776-7 and housed up to 2,000 soldiers and 100 horses before Cornwallis’ troops burned it down. Archaeologists plan to pick up where they left excavating the site by 2026. The planned sports center has been relocated and the excavated area covered back up for its safety.



* This article was originally published here

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“Lead Lady” poorer and older than expected

A woman buried in a lead sarcophagus found in Nijmegen in 2001 may not have been a member of the wealthy elite of the ancient city on the northern border of the Roman Empire after all. She also died at least 100 years earlier than previously believed.

The coffin was one of several graves discovered during sewerage works on the Burchtstraat in Nijmegen’s city center in May 2021. What is the Burchtstraat today was a road in Roman times too, and was the custom in Roman cities, people were often buried on both sides of it. This was the first Roman lead coffin ever found in the Netherlands and more than 20 years later, it remains the only one. The delicate coffin was excavated, wrapped and removed whole to the Valkhof Museum for excavation in controlled conditions.

The skeletal remains were found to belong to a woman about 5’3″ tall who was about 50 years old when she died in around 340 A.D. The coffin had been looted in antiquity, but fragments of gold leaf and gold thread suggested she was buried in expensive garments. Next to her in the coffin was a wooden box containing glass bottles (unguentaria) with perfume residue, little spatulas, a mirror and some long hair needles/bodkins. In the soil outside of the coffin, the excavation uncovered fragments of wine amphorae from southern France or Palestine, the remnants of funerary libations of expensive imported wines.

Because lead coffins were so rare and expensive and because she had been buried with luxurious textiles, perfumed oils and fine glassware, archaeologists concluded she was of high social status. Her teeth were a little wrecked — several of them were missing and there were a number of cavities in the survivors — but that was attributed to an affection for sweet food and wine, both expensive vices that afflicted who could afford them.

New funding and research methods made it possible for experts to re-examine the Lead Lady recently. The coffin itself, the grave goods, the traces of gold and textile and the skeletal remains were all analyzed using technologies and approaches that were not available in 2001. The preliminary results have now been released, and they upend the conclusions drawn in the initial more cursory investigation.

First and foremost, the 4th century burial date has been overturned by newer, more accurate analysis. The grave dates to the early 3rd century instead, from around 200 A.D. Secondly, the lead coffin was recycled. The decoration on these boxes were always on the outside of the coffin. This one was on the inside because the malleable lead was turned inside-out before the lady was buried in it. It is also missing the original lead lid and was covered instead with tile. It was also too big for its occupant, 6’7″ long for a petite 5’3″ lady. Lead coffins were made to order, and even the wealthiest of families wouldn’t pay for a useless extra foot and a quarter. This coffin was made for somebody else.

Examination of the skeleton found evidence that the Lead Lady was no lady of leisure. Her vertebrae were worn and she had osteoarthritis, indications that she had spent years at heavy physical labor. Her teeth were missing and full of cavities from overindulgence. There are wear patterns that show she used her teeth as tools to perform repetitive actions.

So how did this hard worker end up in a coffin that used or not, was worth a bundle? She may have been a beloved servant, someone with a close relationship to a wealthy family she worked for. Archaeologist Joep Hendriks of the municipality of Nijmegen thinks she may have been an ornatrix, the personal hairdresser and cosmetician of one of the ladies of the family.

“She was close to the head of the household. They did not belong to the top elite, but they were very close. So you can imagine that when such a person died, the mistress helped pay for the funeral. The Lead Lady is also buried with hair needles, which were part of the work of an ornatrix.”

Hendriks is careful not to draw far-reaching conclusions. “Other interpretations are of course also possible, such as a craftswoman who became rich through hard work or the mater familias themselves from better circles: in Roman Nijmegen a second-hand lead coffin was also very special.”

Research into the intriguing lady in the lead coffin is still ongoing. The team hopes to extract DNA to determine her ethnic origins and stable isotope analysis of her teeth will determine where she grew up and what her diet was.

“Nijmegen was a melting pot at the time. Across the Waal, mainly people of local origin lived, but the city was founded by people from Gaul, soldiers from Spain, people from all corners of the Roman Empire, from the eastern Mediterranean to England. You could meet them all. We want to give the Lead Lady a place in that mixed society.”



* This article was originally published here