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By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on September 16, 2024 / comment : 0 IFTTT, बॉलीवुड | दैनिक भास्कर
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A sandstone guardian statue has been discovered at Banteay Prei Temple in the ancient Khmer capital of Angkor Wat in Cambodia. It was found about 30 inches under the surface next to the eastern entrance to the second gate of the temple when archaeologists were clearing rubble from the collapsed gate.
Guardian statues, known as dvarapala from the Sanskrit words for “gate” and “guard”, were protective figures located at doors and gates in Hindu and Buddhist temples as well as royal palaces throughout southeast Asia. They were depicted as armed warriors, and in Cambodia usually stood with their hands on a large club pointed downward to the ground.
The newly-discovered dvarapala is 5’2″ high from pedestal to top of the head. It was broken into six pieces when the upper structure of the gate collapsed. The neck, left forearm, waist and shins of both legs are broken, but the breaks are comparatively clean. Only parts of the club are missing. A small part of the handle of the club has survived under the figure’s crossed hands and a longer piece of it that was in front of his legs.
The statue’s serene visage is typical of the Bayon style, named after the Banyon temple in the center of Angkor Thom, the state of capital of Khmer King Jayavarman VII. This last temples in the Angkor Wat complex date to this period. Banteay Prei is relatively remote in the 250-square-mile complex, five miles north of the main temple, but like Banyon, it was built by King Jayavarman VII in the late 13th or early 14th century. The dvarapala dates to that time.
The guardian will now be studied and conserved at the Preah Norodom Sihanouk-Angkor Museum.
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By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on September 14, 2024 / comment : 0
The winged lion that stands on the column in St. Mark’s Square in Venice that is an icon of the city was made in China. A new metallurgic study of the bronze has discovered a large part of it originated from 8th century China and after making its way to Venice, was mixed with other parts and reconstructed in to fit the standard iconography of the winged lion, symbol of Mark the Evangelist and of Venice itself.
Based on research done after a 1980s restoration, the statue was believed to have been made in Anatolia during the early Hellenistic era (4th century B.C.), but a study of the lead isotopes in the metal alloy found they came from mines in the lower basin of the Yangtze River in southeastern China. Armed with the hard science, researchers reexamined the lion’s design and found characteristic features of Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.) sculptures in the head, mane and chest.
This style of creature had a specific function in Tang Dynasty sculpture as tomb guardians. Known as zhenmushou figures, they were fantastical beasts ferocious in demeanor that were placed at tomb gates to scare away evil spirits and protect the spirits of the dead. By the 7th century, they were typically placed in pairs, one with a human-like face, one with a lion or beast-like face.
Some of the characteristic features shared by St. Mark’s lion and zhenmushou figures include wide nostrils with a moustache pointing up on each side, a wide open mouth with a pair of wide-set canines in the top jaw and more narrow set ones on the bottom, a flat plate of teeth between them and prominent orbital sockets in which horns were mounted. The orbitals are truncated in the lion, indicating that it too had once had horns or antlers, but they were amputated to make him look more lionine. His ears also appear to have been trimmed and rounded, as the original zhenmushou ears were higher and pointed.
The lion likely made its way west over the Silk Road through India and Afghanistan, which had a very active flow of trade during the Tang Dynasty. That flow was closed off for some centuries after, reopening at the time of Marco Polo’s voyages in the 13th century. There are no historical sources recording when the lion came to Venice, or when and how it took its current form. Marco Polo wrote about it after his return from China in 1295, but not only was it already on top of the column at that time, it was already in need of restoration so it had been up there exposed to the elements for decades.
Also, it’s huge — more than 13 feet long and weighing three tons — so the fact that there are no references to its transportation and erection suggests it arrived in more manageable pieces. Analysis of the samples from various parts of the sculpture found it was recast in parts and Frankensteined together in at least five or six phases, and that’s before Napoleon looted it and French construction workers dropped it and broke it into 20 pieces when they were forced to give it back after his defeat.
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By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on September 11, 2024 / comment : 0
A volunteer in an excavation of the site of a Pictish fort in Burghead, northeastern Scotland, has discovered a rare Pictish ring. It is kite-shaped with a central oval red gem, possibly a garnet or red glass, and is one of very few Pictish rings known.
The enclosed promontory fort was one the largest and most important Pictish centers during the kingdom’s heyday (4th-9th centuries), but was believed to have been stripped of its archaeological materials when the town of Burghead was built in the early 19th century. Most of its surviving stone walls were dismantled and reused in the new construction, leaving only a few ramparts and an underground well. Even 5th century stone panels carved with images of bulls believed to have been part of a frieze on the ramparts were just built into the harbor wall like any other rock, only six of 30 making it to safety in museums.
For the past three years, the University of Aberdeen Professor of Archaeology Gordon Noble had led excavations of the site to explore the surviving remains and create accurate 3D reconstructions of the fort’s original structure. John Ralph, a retired engineer and alumnus of the University of Aberdeen whose family was among those who settled the new town of Burghead in the 19th century, volunteered to join the digs. He found the ring on the last day of his third dig.
Professor Noble says that what he was presented with was ‘truly remarkable’. “John was digging and then came over and said ‘look what I’ve found’. What he handed over was incredible,” he added.
“Even before the conservation work we could see it was something really exciting as despite more than a thousand years in the ground we could see glints of the possible garnet setting.
“There are very few Pictish rings which have ever been discovered and those we do know about usually come from hoards which were placed in the ground deliberately for safekeeping in some way. We certainly weren’t expecting to find something like this lying around the floor of what was once a house but that had appeared of low significance so, in typical fashion, we had left work on it until the final day of the dig.”
The ring is undergoing analysis by the National Museum of Scotland’s Post-excavation Service. They hope to narrow down its date and whether it was made at the fort for a prominent individual.
Professor Noble added: “We will now look at the ring, evidence of buildings and other artefacts to consider whether the ring was crafted on the site and who such an important piece of jewellery might have been made for.
“We have some other evidence of metalworking and the number of buildings we have uncovered is quite striking. This further indicator of the high-status production of metalwork adds to the growing evidence that Burghead was a really significant seat of power in the Pictish period.”
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on September 11, 2024 / comment : 0 films E, news
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Three bronze shields and one bronze helmet have been discovered at the ancient Urartean fortress of Ayanis in eastern Turkey. They are approximately 2,700 years old and were found in the temple dedicated to Haldi, the god of war and chief god of the Urartian religion. The objects are in excellent condition, despite having been buried when an earthquake toppled the mudbrick walls of the temple in around 650 B.C.
The Urartu Kingdom ruled over parts of modern-day Turkey, Armenia, Iran and Iraq from the 9th century through the 6th century B.C. Ayanis Castle was built around 672 B.C. by Rusa II, the last powerful ruler of the kingdom. The fortress was constructed on a hill overlooking Lake Van 20 miles east of the Urartian capital Tushpa (modern-day Van). It was the last castle built by the Urartu Kingdom and it had a very short lifespan. Historical records indicate it was destroyed by an earthquake 20-25 years after it was built.
The Urartian ruling class dedicated shields, helmets and other bronze weapons to Haldi, and dozens have been found in the temple complex at Ayanis. Most of them were squashed and deformed in the collapse of the walls and the subsequent fires that ripped through the citadel, but the three shields and helmets found in this year’s excavation managed to avoid that fate. Archaeologists dug more than 20 feet deep to reach them on the floor of a room that archaeologists believe was used by a religious elite.
Two of the shields were stacked together with the helmet nested inside of the top shield. There are inscriptions that are currently obscured by soil. There is visible decoration on the helmet so it was likely a ceremonial piece rather than actual battle gear, but the full ornamentation will only be revealed after cleaning and conservation. There are some minor fractures on the objects that will be repaired in the conservation process.
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on September 09, 2024 / comment : 0 BBC News, news
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By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on September 08, 2024 / comment : 0
An interesting counterpart to yesterday’s post: an excavation of a Przeworsk culture cemetery in Kazimierza Wielka, 100 miles northeast of Glinka, has uncovered a warrior grave that contains not just the traditional iron weapons, but also an exceptionally rare Roman bronze urn (situla). Its type dates it to between the 1st century B.C. and the 2nd century A.D.
The vessel, classified as an Eggers 18 type, contains the cremated remains of the deceased. It features decorative dolphin-shaped fittings and is intact and in excellent condition. These were expensive imports from the Roman Empire and are exceptionally rare finds in Poland. Only seven have ever been found in the territory settled by the Przeworsk culture, and only four of those were used as cinerary urns.
The excavation uncovered weapons next to the urn: a sword, a shield boss and two spearheads. The were ritually bent and burned, consistent with the cremation practices of the Przeworsk culture as seen in the Glinka burials.
This Przeworsk cemetery is unusual for containing both cremation burials and whole-body inhumations. Cremations were the standard burial practice for the Przeworsk culture, but in this cemetery inhumations greatly outnumber cremations. Since excavations of the cemetery site began three years ago, archaeologists have unearthed four cremation burials, 23 inhumation burials and 12 quadrangular funerary monuments.
The inhumations are all oriented north-south with the heads facing south. The bodies were placed on their sides in a crouched position. The jewelry, clothing fragments and adornments found with the skeletal remains indicate most of the deceased were women. One of the inhumations unearthed in this year’s excavation contained the skeleton of a woman adorned with a double necklace with glass, stone and bronze beads, a belted pendant and bucket-shaped pendants made of bronze and iron. Two identical bronze brooches were also found, one at the sternum and one above the head. The style of the fibulae date the grave to the late 2nd century, the youngest objects discovered in the cemetery.
Some of the inhumed deceased had missing upper body bones while the rest of the skeleton was intact. This suggests the bones were deliberately removed in a previously-unknown practice involving the reopening of recent graves after the soft tissues had decayed and the removal of certain bones.
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on September 08, 2024 / comment : 0 BBC News, news
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By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on September 07, 2024 / comment : 0
Two cremation burials of Vandal warriors have been unearthed at a previously-unknown archaeological site in the town of Glinka in southeastern Poland’s Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. They contain the burned remains of iron weapons and armor. Based on the objects, the graves date to the late 3rd or 4th century A.D.
The graves were discovered by accident during agricultural work in a field. The landowner stumbled on an iron sword, shield boss and spearhead and alerted the Provincial Office for the Protection of Monuments who dispatched archaeologists and a licensed metal detectorist to survey the site. The metal detector located a second group of iron weapons, and the excavation revealed a sword, shield boss, spearhead and a pair of scissors. Fragments of burned clay vessels and burned bones were also found.
Traces of fire patina on all of the iron objects are evidence that the armaments were burned on a pyre with the clay pots and the body of the deceased. After the fire burned out, the remains placed in shallow pits. Both of the swords were deliberately bent before cremation, a ritual that “killed” the weapon, allowing the deceased to take it with him to the afterlife. The practice had the ancillary benefit of deterring looters who would desecrate the graves to steal the valuable swords.
The cremation burials in pit graves and bent swords indicate the deceased belonged to the Iron Age Przeworsk culture identified with the Germanic Vandal people. They occupied a large parts of modern-day southern and central Poland, but only a few of their warrior graves have been found in the Sandomierska Highlands area, making these two burials particularly significant.
Archaeological excavations are on hiatus now as crops have been sown on the field, but archaeologists will employ non-invasive methods like geophysical surveys to map the site in anticipation of a follow-up dig that they hope will reveal a whole Vandal cemetery from the Roman Imperial era.
The objects recovered from the two pit graves are now undergoing conservation. Several museums have expressed interest in exhibiting them when conservation is complete, including the Historical and Archaeological Museum in Ostrowiec and the Castle Museum in Sandomierz.
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on September 07, 2024 / comment : 0 Breaking News Latest News, Breaking News News, Breaking News News in Kannada, IFTTT
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By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on September 06, 2024 / comment : 0
An excavation of a medieval house in the northern Bulgarian village of Debnevo has uncovered five gold coins from the reign of Byzantine emperor Justinian the Great (r. 527-565 A.D.). The dwelling dates to the 10th century, so the coins were already 400 years old when the house was occupied and may have been prized heirlooms or recent discoveries made during the construction of the dwelling.
Excavations at Debnevo over the past five years have found the remains of a 4th-3rd century B.C. settlement and evidence that it was still occupied from the 4th to the 6th centuries A.D. The village was next to a fortress built in the early 5th century when the area was part of the Byzantine Empire.
The medieval home was built over the remains of a Byzantine building. It was abandoned in the 10th century after a fire damaged it beyond recovery. The occupants left many belongings behind, including two iron sickles and axes, ceramic vessels, three bronze rings. Archaeologists found the five coins on the floor of the home.
All five coins are of the same type: a “tremissis” — a small gold coin worth one-third of a “solidus” — that depicts the emperor wearing a pearl diadem on the front, while the back depicts the personification of Victory holding a wreath in her right hand and a cross and globe in her left. The inscription on the front reads “Our Lord Justinian Perpetual Augustus,” a reference to the first Roman emperor, whose name was later used to refer to all emperors, while the back reads “Victory of the Augusts.” Two of the coins, likely burned in the fire that destroyed the house, are stuck together.
Archaeologists hypothesize that the builders of the home found the coins when construction work churned up the early Byzantine remains under the new dwelling.
By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on September 06, 2024 / comment : 0 IFTTT, बॉलीवुड | दैनिक भास्कर
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By: SGK ADVERTISING ADDA on September 05, 2024 / comment : 0
A rare double portrait of Peter Paul Rubens and Anthony Van Dyck stolen in 1979 has returned to Chatsworth House, the stately home of the dukes of Devonshire. It suffered some damage during its long ordeal — minor paint loss, nicotine staining, panel separation. After cleaning and conservation, the portrait is now back on display at Chatsworth.
The oil-on-panel painting by Flemish artist Erasmus Quellinus II is an unusual grisaille painting featuring two medallion busts of Peter Paul Rubens and Anthony Van Dyck. Each portrait is set in an elaborate frame surrounded by symbolic figures with the artists’ coat of arms underneath their busts.
The rare double portrait is all the more rare for having been made specifically as a preparatory study for a print by Flemish engraver Paulus Pontius (Paulus Du Pont). It was never meant to be hung on a wall in its own right. Pontius had been the principle engraver in the workshop of Peter Paul Rubens, making meticulously detailed reproductions of the master’s designs with a particular focus on portraits of the monarchs and officials of the Spanish Netherlands.
Rubens died in 1640, and Pontius continued to make print reproductions of works by other luminaries of the era, most notably Anthony Van Dyck. This combination of portraits of his most popular artists was destined to become one of his most beloved prints. Surviving examples today are in the collections of top museums including London’s National Portrait Gallery, the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., the Art Institute of Chicago and the Rijksmuseum.
The painting was stolen on May 26, 1970, in a smash-and-grab when it was on loan to the Towner Gallery in Eastbourne for an exhibition dedicated to Anthony Van Dyck. It was the only thing stolen, which was an odd choice, to say the least, given that original drawings by Van Dyck were on display in the exhibition and they are worth literal millions. I guess the master’s oeuvre must have looked less impressive to untutored smash-and-grabbers.
Police investigated but found nothing. It disappeared without a trace until December of 2020 when it was spotted by Dr Bert Schepers, a Belgian specialist in Flemish art, at a small auction house in Toulon, France. He recognized it as the stolen piece and reported it to the Trustees of Chatsworth House. They in turn reached out to the Art Loss Register for help in recovering the work.
The auction house withdrew the lot and the sellers had no idea of its history. They had found the painting in their deceased parents’ home in Eastbourne which had been occupied by squatters around the time of the theft. They kept the painting for sentimental reasons, thinking it had belonged to their late parents, finally deciding to sell it 40 years later. The sellers agreed to return it to Chatsworth, receiving only a small finder’s fee which they donated to charity.
This video recounts the story of the theft, recovery and conservation.
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