WHAT’S HOT NOW

GOPAL KRISHNA SAD SONGS 003

GOPAL KRISHNA SAD SONGS 002

GOPAL KRISHNA SAD SONGS 001

ಗುರುವಾರ ಕೇಳಿ ಶ್ರೀ ರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರ ರಕ್ಷಾ ಮಂತ್ರ

LIVE LIVE - The Car Festival Of Lord Jagannath | Rath Yatra | Puri, Odisha

Ad Code

Responsive Advertisement

Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's.

LIVE - The Car Festival Of Lord Jagannath | Rath Yatra | Puri, Odisha)

PDF Life Edited

PDFLifeEdited - Free Online PDF Compression Tool

PDFLifeEdited

Compress and optimize your PDF files while preserving quality. Perfect for email, web, and storage.

Drag & Drop Your PDF Here

or click to browse files (PDF documents only)

Medium

Downscaling

Quality

Format

0 MB
Original Size
0 MB
Compressed Size
0%
Size Savings

Advertisement

Google AdSense Ad Unit

Ad Unit ID: YOUR_AD_UNIT_ID

Premium Features

Upgrade to Pro for Batch Processing

Unlock premium features

Fast Compression

Compress PDFs in seconds with our optimized algorithm

Secure & Private

All processing happens in your browser - no server uploads

Mobile Friendly

Works perfectly on all devices and screen sizes

High Quality

Maintain document quality while reducing file size

Optimize Your PDFs for Better Performance

PDF compression is essential for efficient document management. Large PDF files can be difficult to share via email, take up unnecessary storage space, and slow down website loading times. Our free online PDF compressor helps you reduce file size without compromising on quality, making your documents more accessible and easier to share.

Compressed PDFs improve your website's performance metrics, which are crucial for SEO. Search engines prioritize websites that offer excellent user experiences, and fast-loading pages are a key component of that. By using our tool, you can ensure your PDFs are optimized for both desktop and mobile viewing.

Our tool includes advanced image optimization options that allow you to reduce the size of images within your PDF documents. You can choose different compression levels, downscaling options, and output formats to achieve the perfect balance between file size and visual quality.

© 2025, Styler Theme. Made with passion by Mr. Gopal Krishna Varik. Distributed by SGK. All Rights Reserved.

» »Unlabelled » “Excalibur” identified as 10th c. Islamic sword

A sword discovered in Valencia in 1994 has been identified as an early Islamic era weapon dating to the 10th century. It is the first sword from the Islamic period to be found in Valencia.

Founded by Roman consul Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus in 138 B.C. as a veterans colony, Valencia was conquered by invading Muslim forces in 714 A.D. The Islamic city, known as Balansiya in Arabic, prospered and by the 10th century was a regional hub of trade. The Moorish taifa kingdom of Valencia, established in 1010, was frequently troubled with dynastic conflict, assassination and for one brief stretch at the end of the 11th century, conquest by the Castilian knight and Spanish national hero El Cid.

The iron sword was found in Valencia’s old town north of the ancient Roman Forum in a house from the Islamic era. It had been stuck in the ground inside a grave and was discovered in an upright position, giving rise to its nickname “Excalibur.” It is 46 cm (18 inches) long with a blade that curves slightly towards the tip. The hilt is decorated with bronze plates and has small notches for ease of handling. There is no hand guard, however, which suggests it may have been a cavalry weapon from the caliphal era. The curved blade is more typical of Visigothic swords. These mixed characteristics are the reason why it has taken so long to determine its maker and period. It was the sediment sample recovered from the find site that finally allowed researchers to date it to the 10th century.

The sword, which has been restored, has been dated within the framework of the archeology scholarship organized annually by the Valencia City Council. In the 2023-2024 edition, the scholarship has been dedicated entirely to the analysis of metallic objects. The fact that the beneficiary of this scholarship is an archaeologist specialized in metals has favored the exact dating of the sword.

The Councilor for Cultural Action, Heritage and Cultural Resources, José Luis Moreno, has assured that “thanks to the archeology grant organized by the Valencia City Council, the archaeologist José Miguel Osuna is carrying out a detailed analysis study of metal objects ranging from the Roman era to the late medieval period and where a new and exceptional discovery has come to light, which we have called the Excalibur of Roc Chabàs due to its similarity to the legendary sword of King Arthur.” According to the councilor, “this sword has a unique design that gives it great archaeological and heritage value, so we have a new treasure in this Islamic Excalibur and a historical legacy of ancient Balansiya.”



* This article was originally published here

«
Next
Newer Post
»
Previous
Older Post

No comments: